Cromoblastomicosis verrugosa-cicatricial multifocal: una entidad desatendida en Colombia

La cromoblastomicosis es una micosis subcutánea crónica de presentación clínica heterogénea que afecta principalmente a poblaciones de escasos recursos, lo que sumado al acceso limitado a los servicios de salud condiciona el retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, ocasionando secuelas físicas graves. Se describe el caso de un hombre de 50 años con lesiones cutáneas verrugosas y cicatriciales de 30 años de evolución en la extremidad inferior y mano izquierda, además en cara en los últimos cinco años. Se realizó el diagnóstico de cromoblastomicosis de presentación multifocal y clínica mixta, con examen directo e histopatología compatibles, y cultivo para hongos positivo para Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Se indicó tratamiento oral con itraconazol y seguimiento clínico. Reconocer esta entidad es crucial para un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos, con el fin de evitar secuelas físicas y estigmatización secundaria. Se debe fortalecer en la atención primaria el reconocimiento de patologías desatendidas y de incidencia subestimada en Colombia, con una presentación multifocal mixta atípica y de un tiempo de evolución prolongado. El examen directo KOH es un herramienta accesible y económica en los primeros niveles de atención que puede contribuir al enfoque diagnóstico.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis with heterogeneous clinical presentation. It mainly affects low-income populations, which added to limited access to health services delays diagnosis and treatment, causing serious physical sequelae. We describe the case of a 50-year-old man with warty and cicatricial skin lesions of 30 years of evolution, at the level of left lower limb and left hand, with face involvement in the last five years. A diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with multifocal and mixed clinical presentation was made, based on compatible direct examination and histopathology, and positive fungal culture for Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Oral treatment with itraconazole and clinical followup were stablished. Recognizing this entity is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment, to avoid physical sequelae and secondary stigmatization. Primary health care should be strengthened for the recognition of neglected diseases whose incidence is underestimated in Colombia, with an atypical mixed multifocal presentation and a long evolution time. The KOH direct examination is an accessible and economical tool in the first levels of care that can contribute to the diagnostic approach.

Tratamento bem-sucedido da cromoblastomicose pela associação entre criocirurgia e itraconazol em dose baixa / Successful treatment of chromoblastomycosis by the combination of cryosurgery with low-dose itraconazole

Cromoblastomicose é uma infecção granulomatosa crônica causada por fungos dematiáceos, com apresentações clínicas variadas, que podem representar um desafio terapêutico. Neste relato, apresentamos um caso de cromoblastomicose em forma localizada, de longa evolução, em paciente idoso, resistente a terapêuticas medicamentosas prévias, tratado com sucesso pela associação entre um método físico e tratamento farmacológico sistêmico, o que permitiu o uso de dose reduzida do medicamento.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by dematiaceous fungi with varied clinical presentations, which may represent a therapeutic challenge. In this report, we present a case of chromoblastomycosis in a localized form, with a long evolution, in an elderly patient, resistant to previous drug therapies, successfully treated by the association of a physical method with systemic pharmacological treatment, which allowed the use of a reduced dose of the drug

Esporotricosis y cromoblastomicosis en San Ramón de Costa Rica

Objetivo: Reportar las características que mostraron la esporotricosis y cromoblastomicosis en el cantón de San Ramón (Costa Rica) para su análisis epidemiológico. Métodos: Se describe una serie de casos basada en la revisión de expedientes clínicos de pacientes diagnosticados con esporotricosis y cromoblastomicosis desde el año 1997 al 2020 en el servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Carlos Luis Valverde Vega del cantón de San Ramón. Resultados: 4 esporotricosis y 6 cromoblastomicosis predominaron en agricultores de edad avanzada. Se identificó en igual número la variante fija y la linfangítica de esporotricosis; en la cromoblastomicosis predominó la variante verrugosa de la enfermedad. Conclusión: La presente serie de casos es el primer informe realizado en torno a estas patologías en el cantón de San Ramón, por lo que no se cuenta con datos estadísticos previos. Los cambios demográficos, económicos y socioculturales de las últimas décadas podrían influir en los patrones epidemiológicos de estas entidades en la región.

Aim: To report the characteristics that sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis showed in San Ramón canton (Costa Rica) for its epidemiological analysis. Methods: A series of cases is described based on the review of clinical records of patients diagnosed with sporotrichosis and chromoblastomycosis in the Dermatology service of the Carlos Luis Valverde Vega Hospital located in San Ramón canton from 1997 to 2020. Results: 4 sporotrichosis and 7 chromoblastomycosis predominated in elderly farmers. The fixed and lymphangitic variants of sporotrichosis were identified in equal numbers, in chromoblastomycosis the warty variant of the disease predominated. Conclusion: This series of cases is the first report on these pathologies in the canton of San Ramón. Therefore, no previous statistical data is available. The demographic, economic and sociocultural changes of the last decades could influence on the epidemiological patterns of these entities in the region.

Accuracy of direct examination and culture as compared to the anatomopathological examination for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis: a systematic review

Abstract Background: Chromoblastomycosis is a skin infection caused by dematiaceous fungi that take the form of muriform cells in the tissue. It mainly manifests as verrucous plaques on the lower limbs of rural workers in tropical countries. Objectives: The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the accuracy of diagnostic methods for the identification of chromoblastomycosis, considering the histopathological examination as the reference test. Methods: MEDLINE, LILACS and Scielo databases were consulted using the terms ‟chromoblastomycosis" AND ‟diagnosis". The eligibility criteria were: studies that evaluated the accuracy of tests for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis. Eleven studies were selected. Statistical analysis included the calculation of sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic methods. Results: Considering the histopathological examination as the reference test, the culture showed a sensitivity (S) of 37.5% - 90.9% and a specificity (Sp) of 100%; while direct mycological examination showed S = 50% - 91.6% and Sp of 100% . Considering the culture as the reference test, the serology (precipitation techniques) showed S of 36% - 99%; and Sp of 80% - 100%; while the intradermal test showed S of 83.3% - 100% and Sp of 99.4% - 100%. Study limitations: The small number of studies and very discrepant sensitivity results among them do not allow the calculation of summary measures through a meta-analysis. Conclusions: Direct mycological examination, culture, intradermal test and serology show sensitivity and specificity values for the diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis with no significant difference between the studies.

Cromoblastomicosis: primer caso alóctono tratado en Chile / Chromoblastomycosis: first allochthonous case treated in Chile

Resumen La cromoblastomicosis es una infección fúngica de la piel y del tejido subcutáneo, de evolución crónica, causada por hongos dematiáceos que se caracterizan por presentar melanina en su pared celular. La enfermedad se presenta en todo el mundo, principalmente en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. En Chile, solo hay un reporte de caso humano hace más de 30 años. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 46 años, haitiano, residente en Chile, con placas verrucosas en la zona tibial anterior de un año de evolución. El diagnóstico de cromoblastomicosis se confirmó al observar células muriformes en la histopatología y colonias dematiáceas en el cultivo micológico; además, en la miscroscopía directa se observaron conidias compatibles con Fonsecaea spp. Luego de seis meses de tratamiento con antimicóticos sistémicos y crioterapia, se logró la remisión completa de las lesiones.

Abstract Chromoblastomycosis is a fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, of chronic evolution, caused by dematiaceous fungi. The disease occurs worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, but in regions like Chile there is only one report of a human case more than 30 years ago. We present the case of a 46-year-old Haitian man, resident in Chile, with verrucous plaques in the right anterior tibial area of one year of evolution. The diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was confirmed when muriform cells and dematiaceous colonies were observed in the histopathological analysis and the direct microscopy, respectively. After six months of treatment with systemic antimycotics and cryotherapy, complete remission of the lesions was achieved.

Presence of hyphae in chromoblastomycosis examinations: an enigma to be solved

Abstract The detection of muriform cells in direct mycological or anatomopathological examination is considered pathognomonic for chromoblastomycosis. The morphological aspect that these fungal structures acquire were called "Borelli spiders", when associated with hyphae. Reports of this association have been described for decades, initially related to more pathogenic agents of this mycosis. More recent studies have shown aspects related to the host's immunity that participate in this process, as well as an association with a worse disease prognosis. The present study discloses the findings of complementary examinations with the presence of "Borelli's spiders" in a patient diagnosed with chromoblastomycosis.

Diagnóstico microbiológico en un paciente con cromomicosis / Microbiological diagnosis in a patient with chromomycosis

RESUMEN La cromomicosis es una micosis subcutánea; uno de los pilares para su diagnóstico certero son los resultados de los estudios microbiológicos. Se presenta el caso de un hombre campesino, que tenía, desde hacía ocho años, lesiones papulares que evolucionaron a placas verrugosas y escamosas en el antebrazo izquierdo. El examen directo micológico de las escamas, así como su cultivo, apoyaron el diagnóstico de una cromomicosis. En la microscopía de su forma de esporulación se identificó al agente etiológico: fonsecaea pedrosoi. Este hallazgo resultó novedoso pues hacía más de una década que no se diagnosticaba ni se informaba un caso de cromomicosis en el laboratorio. La promoción y prevención de salud es un pilar fundamental en el sistema de salud, ya que mediante la educación del campesinado cubano se puede prevenir esta enfermedad, disminuir los costos médicos, curar oportunamente, y mejorar la calidad de vida de los campesinos.

ABSTRACT Chromomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis; the results of microbiological studies are one of the pillars for its accurate diagnosis. A male farmer who had, for eight years, papular lesions that evolved to warty and scaly plaques on the left forearm is presented. The direct mycological examination of the scales, as well as their culture, supported the diagnosis of a chromomycosis. The etiological agent Fonsecaea pedrosoi was identified in the microscopy of its sporulation form. This finding was novel since a case of chromomycosis had not been diagnosed or reported in the laboratory for more than a decade. Health prevention and promotion is a fundamental pillar in the health system, since through the education of the Cuban farmers this disease can be prevented, medical costs can be reduced, timely cures and the quality of life of the farmers can be improved.

Case for diagnosis. Pruritic erythematosquamous lesion in the auricle

Abstract Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with chronic evolution that mainly affects the lower limbs and, less frequently, the auricles. Clinically, it presents with papillary verrucous, nodular, and/or tumoral lesions, whether isolated or infiltrated, forming plaques and, sometimes, atrophic in some areas. Histopathologically, it is characterized by a dermal granulomatous inflammatory infiltrate, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by the presence of fumagoid bodies in anatomopathological or direct mycological exams. The treatment to be indicated will depend on the extent and location of the lesions, using systemic antifungals, surgical removal, cryotherapy, thermotherapy, and immunoadjuvants. The present study reports an atypical presentation of chromoblastomycosis on the auricle.

Micosis y nocardiosis de implantación: esporotricosis, cromoblastomicosis, micetomas y nocardiosis. Casuística del Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública, Paraguay, período 1997-2019 / Mycosis and nocardiosis implantation: Sporotrichosis, Chromoblastomycosis, Mycetomas and Nocardiosis. Casuistics in the Central Laboratory of Public Health, Paraguay, period 1997-2019

RESUMEN Introducción: la esporotricosis, cromoblastomicosis y micetomas (micosis de implantación) y las nocardiosis cutáneas son causados principalmente por inoculación traumática de hongos y bacterias del ambiente. Son de difícil manejo por las complicaciones y la poca efectividad en el tratamiento debido a la consulta tardía de los pacientes. Objetivos: determinar las características demográficas, presentación clínica de los casos e identificación de los agentes causales de las micosis de implantación y nocardiosis cutánea a partir de los registros de la sección de Micología del Laboratorio Central en el período 1997 - 2019. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de fichas de las muestras de pacientes que acudieron al Laboratorio Central de Salud Pública en el período de estudio. Resultados: encontramos 11 pacientes con esporotricosis (complejo Sporothrix schenkii), 21 con cromoblastomicosis (Fonsecae pedrosoi complex) 47,6 %, Phialophora verrucosa 4,7 %), 4 micetomas (Scedosporium apiospermum, Acremonium kiliensi, Fusarium solani y Nocardia brasiliensis), y 7 nocardiosis cutánea (3 Nocardia brasiliensis, 2 Nocardia farcinica, 1 Nocardia transvalensis y 1 Nocardia sp.). Se mencionan presentación clínica y los departamentos de origen de los pacientes. Conclusiones: estas micosis son de impacto en salud pública y el enfoque para las acciones del gobierno y de las fundaciones no gubernamentales debe apuntar a la capacitación, pruebas diagnósticas, disponibilidad de antifúngicos e información a la población.

ABSTRACT Introduction: sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis and mousetomas (implantation mycosis) and cutaneous nocardiosis are mainly caused by traumatic inoculation of fungi and bacteria from the environment. They are difficult to manage due to complications and little difficulty in treatment due to the late consultation of the patients. Objectives: to determine the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation of cases and identification of the causative agents of implantation mycosis and cutaneous nocardiosis from the records of the Mycology section of the Central Laboratory in the period 1997-2019. Methodology: retrospective descriptive observational study of files of the samples of patients who attended the Central Laboratory of Public Health during the study period. Results: 11 patients were found with sporotrichosis (Sporothrix schenkii complex), 21 with chromoblastomycosis (Fonsecae pedrosoi complex 47.6%, Phialophora verrucosa 4.7%), 4 mice (Scedosporium apiospermum, Acremonium kiliensi, Fusarium solani and Nocardia brasiliens) and 7 cutaneous nocardiosis (3 Nocardia brasiliensis, 2 Nocardia farcinica, 1 Nocardia transvalensis and 1 Nocardia sp.). A clinical presentation and the departments of origin of the patients are mentioned. Conclusions: these mycoses have an impact on public health and the focus for the actions of the government and non-governmental foundations should be aimed at training, diagnostic tests, availability of antifungals and information to the population.

Chromoblastomycosis caused by Rhinocladiella aquaspersa: first case report in Guatemala

Abstract The authors report a case of 40-year-old male patient with a five-year history of chromoblastomycosis on his right leg. Diagnosis was performed by direct 40% KOH exam of skin scales, culture with micro- and macromorphologic analysis, and genotypic characterization (sequencing of a fragment of the ITS region and phylogenetic analysis) of the isolated fungus. Rhinocladiella aquaspersa was identified as the etiological agent. Initially, the treatment was with oral itraconazole 200 mg/day for one year. However, the presence of "sclerotic cells" with filaments ("Borelli spiders") resulted in a change of medical treatment: a higher dose of itraconazole (400 mg/day) and surgery, achieving clinical and mycological cure in one year. This is the first report of chromoblastomycosis caused by R. aquaspersa in Guatemala.

Study of tissue inflammatory response in different mice strains infected by dematiaceous fungi Fonsecaea pedrosoi

Abstract: Background: Diseases caused by melanized fungi include mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. This broad clinical spectrum depends on the dynamic interactions between etiologic agent and host. The immune status of the host influences on the development of the disease, as, an exemple. phaeohyphomicosis is more frequently observed in immunocompromised patients. Objectives: Examine the histological inflammatory response induced by Fonsecaea pedrosoi in several different strains of mice (BALB/c, C57BL/6, Nude and SCID, and reconstituted Nude). Methods: Fonsecaea pedrosoi was cultivated on agar gel and a fragment of this gel was implanted subcutaneously in the abdominal region of female adult mice. After infection has been obtained, tissue fragment was studied histopathologically. Results: There were significant changes across the strains, with the nodular lesion more persistent in Nude and SCID mice, whereas in immunocompetent mice the lesion progressed to ulceration and healing. The histopathological analysis showed a significant acute inflammatory reaction which consisted mainly of neutrophils in the initial phase that was subsequently followed by a tuberculoid type granuloma in immunocompetent mice. Study limitations: There is no a suitable animal model for chromoblastomycosis. Conclusions: The neutrophilic infiltration had an important role in the containment of infection to prevent fungal spreading, including in immunodeficient mice. The fungal elimination was dependent on T lymphocytes. The re-exposure of C57BL/6 mice to Fonsecaea pedrosoi caused a delay in resolving the infection, and appearance of muriform cells, which may indicate that re-exposure to fungi, might lead to chronicity of infection.

Cromoblastomicosis en hueco poplíteo derecho, reporte de caso. puebla, méxico / Chromoblastomycosis in right popliteal fossa, case report. puebla, mexico

La Cromoblastomicosis es una micosis subcutánea producida por hongos melanizados conocidos como dematiáceos, comúnmente secundario a un proceso traumático previo. Actual mente la incidencia de esta patología es desconocida. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 64 años originario de la comunidad de Coyomeapan, Puebla, México, quien acude por falta de cicatrización de una úlcera en hueco poplíteo derecho generada por quemadura con candil de petróleo hace cuatro años. Refiriendo dolor con leve dificultad para la deambulación y sin evidencia de sangrado activo. Se realiza raspado de la lesión con presencia de células fumagoides posteriormente se aisló Cladophialophora carrionii en Agar Boreli. Se inició tratamiento con terbinafina para su recuperación. El conocimiento de este tipo de micosis aumenta la posibilidad de un diagnóstico temprano y certero para evitar complicaciones derivadas de la cronicidad o retraso del diagnóstico.

Chromoblastomycosis is a subcutaneous mycosis produced by pigment-producing fungi known as dematiaceous, commonly after a previous traumatic process. Currently the incidence of this pathology is unknown. We present the case of a 64-year-old man from the community of Coyomeapan, Puebla, Mexico, who came for lack of healing of an ulcer in the right popliteal socket generated by burning with an oil lamp four years ago. Referring pain with mild difficulty in ambulation and without evidence of active bleeding. Scraping of the lesion was performed with the presence of fumagoid cells. Cladophialophora carrionii was isolated on Boreli Agar. Treatment was started with terbinafina for recovery. The knowledge of this type of mycosis increases the possibility of an early and accurate diagnosis to avoid complications derived from the chronicity or delay of the diagnosis.

Chromoblastomycosis: an etiological, epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and treatment update

Abstract: Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, granulomatous, suppurative mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi of the family Herpotrichiellaceae. The species Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Cladophialophora carrionii are prevalent in regions where the disease is endemic. Chromoblastomycosis lesions are polymorphous: verrucous, nodular, tumoral, plaque-like, and atrophic. It is an occupational disease that predominates in tropical and subtropical regions, but there have been several reports of cases in temperate regions. The disease mainly affects current or former farm workers, mostly males, and often leaving disabling sequelae. This mycosis is still a therapeutic challenge due to frequent recurrence of lesions. Patients with extensive lesions require a combination of pharmacological and physical therapies. The article provides an update of epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features.

Facial cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Microsphaeropsis arundinis: a case report / 中华皮肤科杂志

A 55-year-old male patient presented with plaques on the face for more than 20 years,and no immunodeficiency diseases were diagnosed.Skin examination showed large areas of pink plaques on the nose,bilateral cheeks and upper oral lips with slight desquamation,verrucous hyperplasia on the dorsal area of the nose,and a bean-sized verrucous protuberance on the tip of the nose.Histopathological examination of the skin lesions revealed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in the epidermis and hyphae-like structures in the stratum corneum.Moreover,there was diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells in the dermis,which mainly included neutrophils,lymphocytes,histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells.Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive spore-like structures were observed in the multinucleated giant cells.Culture of the lesional tissues on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium showed grey-brown villous colonies.Microculture on the potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium yielded dark septate hyphae and pycnidia filled with a large number of spores.Microsphaeropsis arundinis was identified by fungal molecular biological techniques.The patient was diagnosed with cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Microsphaeropsis arundinis.The patient was treated with CO2 laser for the removal of verrucous protuberance on the tip of the nose,and oral itraconazole capsules at a dose of 200 mg twice a day.After 3-month treatment,the skin lesions subsided and the drug was withdrew.During 6-month follow-up,no relapse occurred.

Cromomicosis: casuística del Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Nacional, periodo 1991- 2015

RESUMEN Introducción: la cromomicosis es una micosis profunda provocada por la inoculación traumática percutánea, de hongos dematiáceos que habitan el suelo y restos vegetales. Es una micosis de difícil manejo, con importante morbilidad, que afecta una población generalmente de precarias condiciones socioeconómicas, en una etapa productiva de la vida. Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia y características clínicas de la cromomicosis en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Nacional (Itauguá, Paraguay) en el periodo de 24 años (1991- 2015). Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo de 25 casos de cromomicosis con confirmación micológica y/o anatomopatológica. Resultados: la micosis fue más frecuente en varones adultos, procedentes de áreas rurales, dedicados a labores agrícolas. Predominaron las lesiones ubicadas en miembros inferiores. El agente causal más frecuente fue el Fonsecae sp. El itraconazol fue el tratamiento más utilizado. Conclusiones: la cromomicosis afectó de preferencia a varones adultos del área rural, aislándose con mayor frecuencia Fonsecae sp.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chromomycosis is a deep mycosis caused by the percutaneous traumatic inoculation of dematiaceous fungi that inhabit soil and vegetal debris. It is a mycosis of difficult management, with important morbidity, that affects a population generally of precarious socio-economic conditions in a productive stage of life. Objectives: To determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of chromomycosis in the Dermatology Service of the National Hospital (Itauguá, Paraguay) over a 24-year period (1991- 2015). Methodology: Observational descriptive study of 25 cases of chromomycosis with mycological and/or anatomopathological confirmation. Results: Mycosis was more frequent in adult men from rural areas, engaged in agricultural work. Lesions in lower limbs prevailed. The most frequent causative agent was Fonsecae sp. Itraconazole was the most commonly used treatment. Conclusions: Chromomycosis affected preferentially adult men from rural areas, and Fonsecae sp. was the most frequently isolated fungus.

Chromoblastomycosis: tissue modifications during itraconazole treatment

Abstract: Background: Histological and mycological changes during itraconazole use have not been totally established in chromoblastomycosis. Objectives: To evaluate tissue modifications in chromoblastomycosis carriers under itraconazole treatment. Methods: A histological retrospective study of 20 cases of chromoblastomycosis seen at the university hospital at the south of Brazil, during itraconazole 400 mg daily treatment. Patients were classified into two groups: plaque or tumor lesions, and underwent periodic evaluations every four months during three years. Hematoxylin-eosin stain was used to analyze epidermal modifications, inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis, and Fontana-Masson stain for parasite evaluation. Results: Fontana-Masson stain was superior to hematoxylin-eosin stain in fungal count in the epidermis (mean difference=0.14; p<0.05). The most distinct mycosis tissue responses were registered in the dermis. Epidermal thinning, granulomatous infiltrate decrease or disappearance, fibrosis increase and quantitative/morphological changes occurred during treatment. Study limitations: Patients could not be located to have their current skin condition examined. Conclusion: Parasitic and tissue changes verified in this study can reflect the parasite-host dynamics under itraconazole action.

Cromoblastomicosis: características clínicas y microbiológicas de una enfermedad desatendida / Chromoblastomycosis: clinical and microbiological characteristics of a neglected disease

Resumen La cromoblastomicosis es una enfermedad fúngica desatendida de curso crónico, que infecta por inoculación al tejido subcutáneo de personas con riesgo ocupacional. Comunicamos dos casos de adultos procedentes de regiones tropicales del norte del Perú, afectados con lesiones crónicas eritemato-escamosas y puntos negros múltiples, con dolor, prurito y cicatrización en áreas más antiguas de la lesión. El diagnóstico se realizó con el examen directo de escamas dérmicas con presencias de células fumagoides típicas y el aislamiento de hongos dematiáceos Fonsecaea pedrosoi y Fonsecaea sp., en el primer y segundo caso; respectivamente. Los pacientes recibieron tratamiento antifúngico con itraconazol, sin poder observar el resultado final debido al abandono del tratamiento y control médico.

Chromoblastomycosis is a neglected and chronic fungal disease, mainly affects the subcutaneous tissue in limbs of people with occupational risk. Here, we report two cases of adult patients from tropical regions of northern Peru, affected with chronic erythematous scaly lesions and multiple blackheads, pain, itching and scarring in older areas of injury. Direct examination of the dermal scales showed typical of this disease fumagoides cells; Fonsecaea pedrosoi and Fonsecaea sp. were isolated for at first and second case respectively. Patients received antifungal treatment with itraconazole; however, in both cases the final outcome was not observed due to treatment abandonment and medical care.

Tratamento cirúrgico e seguimento a longo prazo das micoses subcutâneas causadas por fungos demáceos: cromoblastomicose, feoifomicose e eumicetoma / Surgical treatment and long-term follow-up of subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi: chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and eumicetoma

Introdução: As micoses subcutâneas provocadas por fungos demáceos (MSCFD)são classificadas conforme sua apresentação no tecido: cromoblastomicose com presença de corpúsculos fumagoides, feoifomicose com hifas septadas demáceas e eumicetoma com grãos compostos por hifas septadas demáceas. Diversos tratamentos são propostos, entre eles a exérese cirúrgica. O tratamento cirúrgico é mais indicado nos casos em que há infecção localizada e passível de exérese, com bons resultados terapêuticos e baixa taxa de recidiva. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de um serviço dermatológico no tratamento cirúrgico dos casos de MSCFD, discutindo as abordagens cirúrgicas e seus resultados. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com análise descritiva dos casos atendidos no período de abril de 2014 a dezembro de 2016 em clínica dermatológica da cidade de São Paulo. Foram incluídos todos os casos com diagnóstico de MSCFD que foram submetidos à terapêutica cirúrgica com exérese total da lesão. Resultados: Foram totalizados sete casos: dois de eumicetoma, um de cromoblastomicose e quatro de feoifomicose. De todos os casos apenas um não foi abordado em regime de centro cirúrgico ambulatorial. Todos evoluíram sem sequelas e sem recidivas no seguimento clínico. Conclusões: A remoção da lesão cutânea é um boa opção terapêutica nos casos de MSCFD em que o procedimento cirúrgico for viável.

Introduction: Subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi are classified according to their characteristics in the tissue: chromoblastomycosis (with the presence of fumagoid corpuscles), phaeohyphomycosis (with dematiaceous septate hyphae) and eumicetoma (with grains composed of septate hyphae). Several treatments are proposed, among them, surgical excision. Surgical treatment is more indicated in cases where there is localized infection and where excision is possible, yielding good therapeutic outcomes and low recurrence rates. Objective: To describe the experience of a dermatological service in the surgical treatment of subcutaneous mycosis cases caused by dematiaceous fungi, discussing the surgical approach and its results. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with the descriptive analysis of cases treated from April 2014 to December 2016, at a dermatological clinic in the Brazilian Southeast city of São Paulo. All cases diagnosed with subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi were included and surgically treated with total exeresis of the lesion. Results: A total of 7 cases were analyzed ­ 2 eumicetomas, 1 chromoblastomycosis and 4 phaeohyphomycoses. Only one on the cases was not treated at an ambulatory surgical center. All cases progressed without sequelae or recurrences during the clinical follow-up. Conclusions: When surgical treatment is possible, the exeresis of the lesion is a good therapeutic option in cases of subcutaneous mycoses caused by dematiaceous fungi.